01681nas a2200193   4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260000900194300001200203490000700215520112200222653001501344653000801359100001901367700002001386700001801406700002401424856003901448       2019                        eng d00aInfoSec Process Action Model (IPAM): Targeting Insider's Weak Password Behavior0 aInfoSec Process Action Model IPAM Targeting Insiders Weak Passwo  c2019  a201-2250 v333 aThe possibility of noncompliant behavior is a challenge for cybersecurity professionals and their auditors as they try to estimate residual control risk. Building on the recently proposed InfoSec Process Action Model (IPAM), this work explores how nontechnical assessments and interventions can indicate and reduce the likelihood of risky individual behavior. The multi-stage approach seeks to bridge the well-known gap between intent and action. In a strong password creation experiment involving 229 participants, IPAM constructs resulted in a marked increase in R<sup>2</sup> for initiating compliance behavior with control expectations from 47 percent to 60 percent. Importantly, the model constructs offer measurable indications despite practical limitations on organizations' ability to assess problematic individual password behavior. A threefold increase in one measure of strong password behavior suggested the process positively impacted individual cybersecurity behavior. The results suggest that the process-nuanced IPAM approach is promising both for assessing and impacting security compliance behavior.10aAccounting10aBIS1 aCurry, Michael1 aMarshall, Byron1 aCorreia, John1 aCrossler, Robert, E  uhttps://doi.org/10.2308/isys-5238102095nas a2200181   4500008004100000245009600041210006900137260000900206490000700215520144300222653001501665653000801680100001901688700002001707700002401727700001801751856014401769       2018                        eng d00aInfoSec Process Action Model (IPAM): Systematically Addressing Individual Security Behavior0 aInfoSec Process Action Model IPAM Systematically Addressing Indi  c20180 v493 aWhile much of the extant InfoSec research relies on single assessment models that predict intent to act, this article proposes a multi-stage InfoSec Process Action Model (IPAM) that can positively change individual InfoSec behavior. We believe that this model will allow InfoSec researchers to focus more directly on the process which leads to action and develop better interventions that address problematic security behaviors. Building on successful healthcare efforts which resulted in smoking cessation, regular exercise and a healthier diet, among others, IPAM is a hybrid, predictive, process approach to behavioral InfoSec improvement. IPAM formulates the motivational antecedents of intent as separate from the volitional drivers of behavior. Singular fear appeals often seen in InfoSec research are replaced by more nuanced treatments appropriately differentiated to support behavioral change as part of a process; phase-appropriate measures of self-efficacy are employed to more usefully assess the likelihood that a participant will act on good intentions; and decisional balance –assessment of pro and con perceptions – is monitored over time. These notions better align InfoSec research to both leading security practice and to successful comparators in healthcare. We believe IPAM can both help InfoSec research models better explain actual behavior and better inform practical security-behavior improvement initiatives.10aAccounting10aBIS1 aCurry, Michael1 aMarshall, Byron1 aCrossler, Robert, E1 aCorreia, John  uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/321138048_InfoSec_Process_Action_Model_IPAM_Systematically_Addressing_Individual_Security_Behavior